In adult’s body there are a small number of stem cells in many tissues and organs. These cells remain off until the day that one disease or injury activates them. Unlike embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells aren’t capable of differentiating all cell types. They can only become the cell type belonging to their tissue of origin. An adult stem cell of the brain, for example, can become a neuron, but not a bone cell. So far, adult stem cells can be found in the brain, blood, cornea, retina, heart, adipose tissue, skin, dental pulp, bone marrow, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, intestine and the umbilical cord.
Since 1988 umbilical cord blood transplants have been made, which are considered adult stem cell therapy because cells come from babies, not embryos. Like bone marrow, transplanted since 1968, in umbilical cord blood there is an abundant presence of a type of stem cell capable of giving rise to red blood cells, platelets, white cells and mesenchymal cells that generate bone and cartilage.
In opposition to what happens in a simple blood transfusion, which provides a range of cells destined to die after some time, stem cells from bone marrow or umbilical cord are capable to penetrate the bones and settle down in the bone marrow to produce new blood and immune cells for a lifetime.
The fast scientific and technological development coupled with the study of these cells with huge capacity, has over the years marked the start of a new era of regenerative medicine, allowing the cure of deadly diseases with tissues and organs that are tailored to each of us.
In Portugal, a child diagnosed with a syndrome of severe immune deficiency of T cells (CD8 +) was successfully treated in February 2007, in the Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO), using stem cells from the child’s umbilical cord.
The current results of such investigations prove the possibility that adult stem cells can be administered in some diseases in order to repair the damaged tissues.
These cells are so versatile when collected, processed and used, that they could be “a new hope for life” and perhaps be considered one of the holy grails of modern biology!
Since 1988 umbilical cord blood transplants have been made, which are considered adult stem cell therapy because cells come from babies, not embryos. Like bone marrow, transplanted since 1968, in umbilical cord blood there is an abundant presence of a type of stem cell capable of giving rise to red blood cells, platelets, white cells and mesenchymal cells that generate bone and cartilage.
In opposition to what happens in a simple blood transfusion, which provides a range of cells destined to die after some time, stem cells from bone marrow or umbilical cord are capable to penetrate the bones and settle down in the bone marrow to produce new blood and immune cells for a lifetime.
The fast scientific and technological development coupled with the study of these cells with huge capacity, has over the years marked the start of a new era of regenerative medicine, allowing the cure of deadly diseases with tissues and organs that are tailored to each of us.
In Portugal, a child diagnosed with a syndrome of severe immune deficiency of T cells (CD8 +) was successfully treated in February 2007, in the Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO), using stem cells from the child’s umbilical cord.
The current results of such investigations prove the possibility that adult stem cells can be administered in some diseases in order to repair the damaged tissues.
These cells are so versatile when collected, processed and used, that they could be “a new hope for life” and perhaps be considered one of the holy grails of modern biology!
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